Aluminium is unquestionably neurotoxic. Aluminium can interact with transition metals; in particular, the interaction with iron and copper enhances the production of reactive oxygen species by these two
redox-active metal ions, leading to the exacerbation of cell oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. According to this hypothesis, the interaction between aluminium and copper, both present
in trace amounts in drinking water, could initiate and propagate an inflammatory response in the ageing brain, participating in the neuroinflammation reported in the brains of Alzheimer ’ s disease patients, eventually inducing or potentiating neurodegeneration and boosting the progression of dementia.